What are Lewin's three steps of change management and how does a leader apply them in implementing a new patient-care protocol?

• A. Freeze, Lock, Reassure
• B. Unfreeze (clear need and prepare), Change (implement the protocol with training), Refreeze (embed into standard practice and monitor)
• C. Prepare, Implement, Normalize
• D. Initiate, Modify, Consolidate

Answer: (B)

Lewin's change model is built around three stages that guide how people move from resistance to adoption. The first stage, unfreeze, is about creating awareness of why change is needed and preparing everyone for it. This means communicating the gaps the new patient-care protocol will address, presenting data to support the change, and reducing fear or uncertainty so staff feel ready to move forward.

The second stage, change, involves actually implementing the protocol with appropriate training, resources, and adjusted workflows. Leaders support learning through coaching, practical demonstrations, pilot testing, and opportunities for feedback so staff can integrate the new steps into their daily routines.

The third stage, refreeze, is about making the new protocol the standard way things are done. This includes updating policies and procedures, embedding the protocol into routine practices, and establishing monitoring, audits, and reinforcement to sustain the change over time.

The other options don’t fit Lewin’s framework. They use terms that don’t match the established sequence or emphasize stabilization without the explicit embedding and ongoing monitoring that refreeze requires.